Internal-combustion engine



Jan. 13, I931. c. F. 'USBQRNE. JR 3 9 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FiledMarch 16. 1929 2 sheets-sheet 1 Jan. 13, 1931. c. F. USBORNE, JR

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 16. 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 v abalne Jn' 2 Patented Jan. 13, 1931 "U ITED TAT mam. USIBORNE, m, or carcassILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION E GI 1 Application filedsMarch lG, 1925 Serial No.3l 7,603; I

This invention has to do with. certain improvernents in lnternalcombustlon engines and the like. The lnvent on has referenceparticularly to improvements in internal 5 combustion engines forautomoblles, truclrs, tractors and-othermotor vehicles; but 1t w1 llpresently appear that the features are not limited to engines forthe'above purposes;

Nevertheless, inasmuch-asv said features of limit myself except as, Imay do sov in the claims. 7

The invention concerns itself particularly with the engine jticketing-system or; the oil circulating system. As is wellunderstood,it both ofthesesystems are seriously influenced by the existence of lowtemperatures, particularly during the winter months; In the case of theengine jacketing system, the cooling and circulating liquid is subjectto freez- 25 ing'with the attendant dangers and damages which arewellunderstood; and in the case of the oil circulating system the lowtem- .peratureis aptto interfere with a proper functioning of the oilpump at startlng, as

, so well as seriously impeding the starting operation itself.

In addition to the foregoing, it is also well understood'that thestarting ofadead-cold v engine entails not only a serious strain on the35 starting motor, battery, and other equipment, but also results inwear and deteriora- 7 tion of the engine itselfi- This is aggravated bythe necessity ofexcessive use .ofthe strangular or choke with resultingdilutlng @111 of the circulating oil by gasoline.

The'main object of the'present invention is to. make provision forstoring the-circulating liquid or the oil or both, as the case may be,in a suitable heat insulated or jacketed cham- 4 her during idleintervals so that; the heat of the circulating liquid or of the oil willbe effectively retained and the temperature of the liquidcorrespondingly maintained at said elevated degree; In thisconnection-it '50 an object to provide such a storagecham ber of asufficient capacity to receiveandretain the liquid inquestion during theidle period, said liquid being substantially drained from the jacketingsystem or the oil circulating system as the casemay be and stored-insuch heat insulated compartment'or chamber duringthe. 'idl1e interval.When hadnotbeen so storedin the heat insulated compartment... I p VInasmuchas the acketed liquid is usually of water or alcohol or someother non-freezthe engine is obe again placed in service ing materialora mixture of water and such materiaL and is difierent from the oilcirculating system, it is substantially necessary to provide separatecompartments for retain ing these two bodies of liquid together withtheir entrained heat. For this reason ,Ihave chosen to illustrate anddescribe in the drawings andspecifications of this application; only theapparatus and connections used in conjunction. with the jacketingsystem; but it, will be understood thatI do notintend to limitmyselfthereby tothe jacketing liquid system except as I-may do so intheclaims. I p Inasmuch as provision must be made for constant eliminationof heatfrom the jacketing liquid during the normal operation of thesystem, such elimination of heat being, performed mainly by theradiator, it will be understood that it is impractical to establishtively heat insulated sothat the liquid therein will retain its. heat"for a longinterval of time even when the external temperature is very15w asin winter conditions. I'then provided suitable connectionsincluding valves and pumpin apparatus connecting thereafter the liquidmay be transferred backto the jacket circulating system when the engineis to be again placed in service. The result will be thatthejacketliquid will retain a very largeportion of its original heat over aconsiderable interval of engine idleness, so that when said jacketliquid is again restored to the circulatingsystem it will be at ainateri ally elevated'temperature and under the most advantageousconditions for placing the engine in service.

In some cases the chamber or compartment willbe located at a higherelevation than the jacket clrculating system. Whenthis is the case asuitable pumping orliquid transferring arrangement is used for initiallylifting the jacket liquid into such chamber or receptacle; the liquidbeing afterwards allowed to reenter the jacket system under a gravityflow. In other cases the chamber 'or' receptacle may be placed-at alower elevation than the jacket systemcso that the liquid will run intothe chamber or receptacle by gravity and may be afterwards pumped back'into the jacket system. In some cases the back and forth movements ofthe liquid will both be promptly performed by pumping or otherwise.

The pumping apparatus may be of any convenient form either hand operatedor power driven; and in some cases the transfer of the liquid may beperformed by. the suction of the engine itself. Inany case, however;it-is desirable to have suitable control devices located at orconvenient of access from the dashboard; position.

It is also very desirable to provide an ar- 1 rangement such that thejacket liquid will be very completely drained from all por t-ions' ofthe circulating system so that all danger of freeze-ups will beeliminated. In this connection it willbe recalled that even after thebulk of'the liquidhas been withdrawn fromthe circulating system, therewill still remain a substantial amount of liquid on'the surface orwalls, which liquid will slowly drain to the lowest point. It is afurther object of the invention to make provision for'picking up thislast portion of the liquid and transferring it also tothe heat insulatedchamber or compartment.

Other objects. and uses of the invention will appear from a detaileddescription of the invention Figure 2 shows on enlarged scale a frag-.mentarysection thereto, the valve device and upper end of the heatinsulated chamber;

Figure 3 shows a sect-ion through one form of main control valve Figure4shows a detailed fragmentary face view of a portion of the dashboard atthe position of the control handle;

Figure 5 shows a detail section through the companion suction linevalve; Figure 6 shows a detail section throughanother form 'ofsuctionline valve used in conjunction with a handpump arrangement;

Figure 7 shows a view similar to that of Figure 1 but it illustrates amodified form of arrangement in which a pump is used for transferringthe liquid instead of making use of the engine suction; I

Figure 8 shows a fragmentary view-of the fan belt driven pump beingtaken on the line 88' of Figure 7 looking in the direction of the arrowsand on enlarged scale;

Figure '9 shows a fragmentary section through the main control valve ofthe arrangement shown at Figure 7 but on enlarged scale; and v 1 Figure10 shows a perspective view' of the control connectionsfor-thearrange1nent of Figure7. v

Referring first to the arrangement shown in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive,the internal com bustio'n engine is designated by the numeral 7; It isprovided wtih' the usual jacket for cooling liquid.- Theliquid from thisjacket rises to the manifold 8' and is delivered from I usual and wellunderstood manner. The arrangements thus far disclosed are well'knownand understood in the art and it is not believed necessary to explainthem at greater detail. j

' According to'my present invention 1. provide a chamber 18 havingarliquid capacity substantially equal to or greater than the liquidcapacity, of the jacketing system including thejacket, radiator, pump,and all connections which contain jacketing liquid.

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and j acketing'system so that thejacket liquid can return to the systemby gravity. Fur: thermore most automobile and motor vehicleconstructions are such as to provide an amplespace underneath the hoodor cowl for the accommodation of this chamber 18 and above the level ofthe engine and without-the necessity of redesigning the generallayout.

I provide a connection 20 of relatively large size in conjunction withthe chamber 18 at the lowest point of the jacket system so that thejacket liquid can be transferred back and forth throughsaid connection20. For this purpose the connection 20 preferably leads directly into avalve 21 having two branches 22 and 23. The branch 22 leads into thebottom of the chamber 18 and the branch 23 leads preferably up to thetop of said chamber 18 or to a small dome 24' constituting an upwardextension of said chamber. The valve 21 is provided with a control plug25 having an angular disposed passage 26. With the plug standing in theposition indicated in Figure 3 communication is established between thepipes 20' and 23 which is the emptying position. By turning the valvethrough a movement'of 120 in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3 thepipe 20 is cut ofl from both pipes 22 and 23 which is the oil position.By turning the valve through a further movementof120 the pipes 20 and 22are placed in communication which is the refill position. V The pipe23may in some cases be dispensed with and both of the operations ofemptying and refilling the jacket may be performed through the singleconnection 22 terminating in the bottom of the chamber 18. In-

such case however, the flow. of the jacket liquid up into the chamber 18will cause considerable eddies of the liquid to take place since theinflowing liquidrwill be compelled to move up against the body of'liquidalready present within the chamber. This objection is done. away with bythe use of the two separate pipes as indicated;

. the lower end of the radiator 10.

-also be noted that the bottom 29 of said Preferably the .pipe 20 doesnot reach directly into the lower end oftheradiator or into theconnection 11, but rather it leads into a small sump 27 which is placedslightly below the level of the lowest point of the circulating systemas previously existing. A connection 28 leads between the sump 27. andIt will sump 27 is rounded or brought to a focus. It

7 will also be understood that thesump 27 is closed so that theoutofitstopf q In the arrangement illustrated in Figure l there isprovided a suction connection30 leading from the upper end of the dome24 tothe intake manifold 13 or to someother element wherein there existsa suction durjacket liquid willnot mv ing the running of the engine, as,for eX-- ample, the conne'ction'14. A valve, 31 is placed in the.connection having a p111" 32 with a cross passage 33. WVith the, plug 32standing in the position of Fig. 5, suction is established into the.dome 2'4, but by turn.- ing the valve. 32. slightly in either directionthisconnectionis broken.

The valve plugs 25 and 32 are interconnected as. by a. rod 34 which .inturn reaches.

over to the position of the dashboard 55 where said rod is provided witha control handle 36, in position, for convenient ma ni pulation by theoperator. The turning of said handle 36 turns both ofthe valve plugsSaid valveplugs are so syn' in harmony. chronized, that when the passage26 stands in'the positlon shown in Figure 3, the pas:

sage stands in the position shown in Fig ure- 5. This willvpermitsuction from the running engine to be communicated to the upperportion of the chamber 18 simultaneously with the communication of thepipe 20 with thepipe 23. As a result the jacket Will only be acted uponby the accumulating liquid when the level of the, latter is almost up tothetop of the chamber 18. Thereupon the valve 39 Will beclosed toprevent any further up-flow of liquid through the pipe 20. I I

i There is another small pipe 43 leading from the lower portionofth'e-sump 27 upwardlyland terminating inthe top of the chamber 18. Assoon as the valve 39 closes the entire force of the suction coming itsthrough the pipe 30 will be communicated 5 c on to the pipe 43 so as todrain the last portions of the liquid from the jacket system andconnected parts, and so as .to completely V drain the sump27. This willinsure acorn plete removal of thexliquid which hasbeen running down overthe surfaces of' the walls and pipes so that practicallyno liquidWhatsoever will be left where it might be frozen.

Preferably check valves 44 and 45 are placed in the pipes 30 and 43 topermit movef inent only in the directions indicated byxthe arrows inFigure 1.

Bu lt will 1 be noted that with this arrangement the operation oftransferringthe jacket liquid into the chamber 18 depends'on theexistence of the-suction of the pipe 30, this in turn beingdependent onthe operation of the engine. Consequently, when-the, jacket liquid is tobe transferred into the'chamber 18 the engine is left running for ashort interval while the valves 25 and 32stand in the proper position.Assoon. as a sufficient in terval of time has elapsed the engine may bestopped and the valves 25 and 32 may be turned to the off position. Incase of engine trouble ora complete exhaustion of fuel so that theengine can not be the position shown in Figure 6; In case 01 emergency,however, said valve is turned 90 in a counterclock-wise direction sothat the pump 46 is placed iIlCOlDHlUDlCiltlOIl with the dome 24. Thepump is provided with the necessary check valves53 so that uponoperating the handle 4'? suction will be created in the dome. I r

In the nodified construction shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, the suctionconnection to the engine is dispensed with. In place thereof there isprovided a small air pump 54. The same has a pulley 55 which can bebrought into contact vith either run of the fan belt 56 which drives thecooling fan 57. lVith the pump in the full line position of Figure 8 itwill operate as a compresser whereas by moving the pump over into thedotted line position of Figure 8, it will operate as an exhauster. Thepumpconnects by a flexible hose 58 with thepipe' 30 which leads into theupper portion of the dome 24 as in the previous arrangement. By settingthe pump in one position it will operate to exhaust. air from thechamber 18, whereas by setting the pump into the other position itwill-operate to createa pressure such as would be useful for forcingtheliquid out of the chamber 18 back into the circulatingsystem in casethe chamber .18 was located at a lower level than the circu'lati'nsystem.

"TllQ..ll1&1Il' control valve 591s placed in the pipe 30, saidinaincontrol valve including a plug 60 which a cross passage 61. 1 This plugnormally stands in the position indicated in Figure 9.

i The hand pump 62 maybe provided, the same having handle 63 located ata position for convenient operation. The pump 62 is provided with checkvalves 64 and 65 worksystem. j I

In some cases it may be desired to create ading iii-the direction of thearrows in Fig. 7 these check valves in turn lead into the valve 59 bymeans of pipes 66 and 67 respectively. he valve plug 60 is provided witha pair of supplementary ports 68 and 69 which lead sidewise andcommunicate with the atmosphere.- The valve casing59 is provided with arelatively long passage 70 withwhich .the plug passage 61 will makeconnection throughout a considerable amount of valve movement. is j Byturning the valve plug 60 so as to bring the port68 into communicationwith the pipe 67 the passage 61 will communicate with the pipe 66.Thereupon the ioperationsv of the pump plunger of the pump 62 will causesaid pump to operate as a suction pump so that the jacket liquid can betransferred to the chamber 18.- By turning the plug 60 through a furtherangular movement the passage 6l;w ill communicate withthe pipe 67 andthe port 69 will conununicate with the'pipe 66 so that thepump .willoperate asa pressure pump serving to deliver air under pressure to thechamber 18. j V By the abovemeans it is possible tov operate this systemby hand both for the suction and pressure operations. 7 Preferably thepump 54 is interconnected withthe-valve 60 as shown'in Figure-10 bymeans of a rod 71., This rod carries thefin ger piece 72 at one end, theplug 60 in its mid dle portion anda crank 7 3 at its other end, saidcrank 73 connecting by a link 7 4 with the arm 7 5 which carries thepump which arm 7 5 is pivoted at the point 76.. With this ar rangementthe position otthe pump issyn chroniz'ed with the other parts.

' I wish to call attention to the fact that if desired the electricalsystem may be properly conneoted up with the valves and other parts sothat for example the engine can not be inadvertently operated duringtimes when the jacket liquid isnot present in the jacket ditional heatfor the jacketing liquid so as to maintain its temperature, at anelevated degree while in storage over Very long intervals. In such casesa small heater 77 may be placed in the chamber 18, such heater be ingfor example a small electric unit supplied with currentfrom any suitablesource.

lVhile'I have herein shown and described only certain embodiments of mypresent invention, still I do not intend to limit'myself thereto exceptas I I claim:

1. The combination with the jacket system for jacket cooling liquid ofan internal combustion engine, including the engine jacket, radiator,and circulating connections, of a chamber for liquid'having a capacityat least as great as the liquidcapacity of the jacket system aforesaid,a coating of heat insulatmay do so in the claims.

ing material on said chamber, a j acketliquid delivery connectionbetween the lower portion of said chamber and the lower portion of thejacket liquid system, for delivery of jacket liquid to the system, ajacket liquid re- :moval connection from the lowest point of the jacketliquid system to the upper portion of the chamber for transfer of liquidfrom the jacket system to the chamber and a connec tion between theupper portion of said chamber and the suction connection of theengine,

' valves in both of said connections, and indejacket system.

pendent manual means for creating a suction in the, suction connectionindependently, of the engine operation. v

2. The combination with the jacket liquid system for the cooling liquidof an internal combustion engine, including the liquid j ack-1 et, theradiator, and circulating connections, of a heat insulating storagechamber for j acket liquid, a liquid delivery connection between thelower portion of said chamber and the lower portion of the jacket liquidcirculating system for delivery of jacket liquid to the system, a'jacket liquid removal connection from the lowest'point of the jacketliquid system to the upper portion of the chamber for transfer of liquidfrom the jacket'system to the chamber, and means for causing reductionof the pressure in said chamber for the purpose'of causing transfer ofliquid to said chamber from the liquid 3. The combination with a jacketsystem for'jacket cooling liquid of an'i-nternal co1nbustion engine,including the engine jacket,

a radiator, and'circulating connections, of a heat insulating chamberfor liquid having a V capacity at leastas great as the liquid capacityof the jacketsystem aforesaid, a sump 10 cation ata lower elevationthanthe .j acket system, and three connections from said chamber, one ofsaid connections extending from the lower portion of the chamber to thelower portion of the circulating system, and another of said connectionsextending from the upper portion of said chamber to'the lowest portionof the sump, and anotherconnection' leading from the upper portion ofsaid chamber for causing change of pressure withln said chamber,together with valves in the first and third mentioned. connectionsoperative effectively to permit drainage of liquid from the chamberjintothe circulating system or ity of the jacket system aforesaid, a sump lo-7 I cated below theradiator level, connections fromthe lower portion ofsaid chamber to 1' the lower portion of the jackets stem for transfer ofliquid from thecham er to the system, and from the lowest portion of thesump to the upper portion ofthe chamber for the transfer of liquid fromthe sump to the chamber, a valve inthe first mentioned connection, andmanual means for creating pressure diiferentia l in the upper portion ofthe chamber when the valve aforesaid is closed.

jacket system for jacket cooling liquid of an internal combustion engineincluding the nections, of aheat insulating chamberfor liquid having acapacity at least as great as 5. The combination with the devices of a'engine jacket, radiator, and circulating conthe liquid capacity of thejacket system afore- 7 said, a sump located at a lower level than any ofsaid devices,'connections from the lower portion of said chamber tothelower portion of the jacket system fortransfer of liquid from thechamber. to the system, andifrom the lowest portion of the sump totheupper portion of the chamber for the transfer of liquid from the sump tothe chamber,a valve means for creating-pressure differential i the upperportion of the chamber.-.

6. The combination withflthe devices of a jacket :system for jacketcooling liquid of an internal combustion engine, including the J enginejacket, radiator, and circulating con;

nections, of a heat insulating chamber for liq uid having a capacityat'least as great as the liquid capacity of the jacket system aforesaid,a sump located at a lower level than anychamber, one of said connectionsleading. from the lowerportion ofthe chamber to the lower portion of.the circulating system,

another ofsaid connections leading from the 'of said devices, threeconnections from said lowest portion of thesump to the upper por-f tionof saidchamber, and another connection 7 leading from the upper portionof said Cl1L1fl1- her to a point of pressure differential such as amanifold'of the engine,-a valve in the first mentioned "connection,supplemental manual means for creatingpressuredifferemtlal 1n the thirdconnection, and "a valve for" connecting the third connectioneithe'r tothe point of pressure differential of the engine or to the supplementalfluencing means, selectively.

oHARLEsr. USBORNE,JR.

pressure differential ini 90 in the first mentioned connect1on,an dmanual a

